Embedded Questions
An
embedded question is a question that is included inside another question or
statement. They are common after introductory phrases, such as:
- I wonder …
- Could you tell me …
- Do you know…
- Can you remember…
- Let's ask…
- We need to find out…
- I'd like to know…
- Could you tell me…
- I'm not sure…
- Would you mind explaining…
Rule
One
If the embedded question is part of a
statement, use a period and not a question mark at the end of the sentence.
Also, if the question is in the present or past simple verb tense, omit the
auxiliary verbs do, does, and did and change the verb to its appropriate form,
as in the example below.
Example :
Direct Question : When did they leave the hotel?
Embedded Question : I wonder when they left the hotel.
Direct Question : Where do you live?
Embedded Question : I wonder where you live.
Rule
Two
If the embedded question includes an
auxiliary verb or the verb "to be", reverse the positions of the
subject and the auxiliary verb, as in the examples below.
Example :
Direct Question : What is her name?
Embedded Question : I don’t now what her name is.
Direct Question : How much is the chocolate?
Embedded Question : I don’t now how much the chocolate is.
Rule
Three
Do not use a verbal contraction at the
end of the sentence.
Example :
Direct Question : What time is it now?
Embedded Question : Could you tell me what time it is now?
Direct Question : Who is she?
Embedded Question : Could you tell me who she is?
Rule
Four
Embedded questions are introduced by
whether, whether or not, and if when there is no question word in the sentence
(yes/no questions).
Example :
Direct Question : Is she a techer?
Embedded Question : Do you now whether she is a teacher?
Direct Question : Does he have any brother?
Embedded Question : I wanted to know if he has a brother.
Rule
Five
The infinitive can follow a question
word or whether in embedded questions, as in the following example.
Example :
Direct Question : What must I bring to England?
Embedded Question : I don’t know what to bring to England.
Direct Question : What should I do?
Embedded Question : Please tell me what to do.
Conditionals Sentences
Conditional sentences usually have two
parts, known as clauses. One of these is a result
clause; the other is an if clause. The
order of the clauses can usually be reversed.
The traditional types of conditional are
called zero, first, second and third.
- Zero: if + present + present.
- First: if + present + future simple.
- Second: if + past simple + would + infinitive.
- Third: if + past perfect + modal + have + past participle.
The chart breaks conditionals down into
three main categories: factual, future and
imaginative.
- Factual conditionals can be timeless (outside time, expressing habits or scientific facts) or time-bound (referring to present, past or different times).
- Future conditionals can express a strong or weak condition or result (something will happen or may happen) or be used to give advice or commands.
- Imaginative conditionals can be hypothetical (unlikely but possible in the present or future) or counterfactual (impossible, referring to present or past time)
Factual
Conditionals
If + Subject + verb ( simple present
tense ) + Subject + will/ shall + verb (simple future tense)
If + Subject + be + adjective
+ Subject + will/ shall + be + adjective.
Example :
- If I have enough time, I will finish this job.
- If you tell him the truth, I will feel angry.
- If you refuse to leave, he will call the cops.
- My brother will cry if you hit him.
- Nana will join you to watch movie if she have time.
Future
Conditionals
If + Subject + verb (simple past tense)
+ Subject + would/ could/ might + verb (past future tense)
Example :
- If you really cared about your brother, you would not leave him alone.
- I would buy her presents if today was her birthday.
- Jenny would be angry if you forgot your weeding anniversary date.
- I would send her a flower bouquet if she invited me to her birthday.
- If you went to bed earlier, you could not watch that drama series.
Imaginative
Conditionals
If + Subject + had + verb (past perfect
tense) + Subject + would + have + verb
(past future perfect tense)
Example :
- She would have not missed the class if she had woke up earlier.
- My uncle would have been here if he had gone by motorcycle.
- If you had been here earlier, you could have gotten a souvenir.
- If my grandma had known the secret, she would have been shocked.
- Linda would not get robbed if she had gone home early.
Comparisons
Comparative
Adjectives
Comparative adjectives are used to
compare differences between the two objects they modify (larger, smaller,
faster, higher). They are used in sentences where two nouns are compared, in
this pattern:
Noun (subject) + verb + comparative
adjective + than + noun (object).
Example :
- Mark works harder than Jeff.
- Carol drives more carefully than Peter.
- Lydia is taller than Alex.
- Gorillas are more intelligent than cows.
- The bigger house is mine.
Superlative
Adjectives
Superlative adjectives are used to
describe an object which is at the upper or lower limit of a quality (the
tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). They are used in sentences
where a subject is compared to a group of objects.
Noun (subject) + verb + the +
superlative adjective + noun (object).
Example :
- Ali is the tallest student in our class.
- Prague is the most beautiful city I’ve ever seen.
- What’s the most interesting book you’ve ever read?
- Of all my friends, Alicia calls the most frequently.
- My red shoes fit the most comfortably of all my shoes.
Source :
- Colin Finnerty and Onestopenglish 2002
- English Conditional Sentences - Past, Present, Future; Real, Unreal Conditionals by Manik Joshi
- UNIT 8 Consumer Society - Comparatives and Superlatives - National Geographic Learning
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